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Original research FROM EFL TO ELF: THE GROWING ROLE OF ENGLISH IN NORTH MACEDONIAPages 205-214 Abstract
English is increasingly pervasive in North Macedonia, spreading across educational, professional, and social domains. Its presence is evident from early childhood education with institutions offering English-medium instruction from kindergarten, and universities delivering programs entirely in English. Beyond formal education, English appears prominently in advertising, job requirements, and everyday communication, with digital media, global popular culture, and social platforms further reinforcing its use. All of these developments have contributed to the widespread adoption of English borrowings across multiple domains in North Macedonia. English terms are now frequently used even when fully adequate Macedonian expressions already exist. This pervasive incorporation of Anglicisms (English borrowings) has raised concerns among some scholars and professors of the Macedonian language, who worry about the potential erosion of linguistic integrity and the displacement of native vocabulary. Overall, attitudes toward English are mostly positive, and the language is becoming increasingly integrated into daily life, suggesting its trajectory toward a functional lingua franca in North Macedonia.
Keywords: Lingua franca, North Macedonia, Anglicisms, language spread, language attitudes.
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Jasmina Mirtoska 
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